Federal immigration officials are scouting warehouses and beginning to purchase some of them to transform into detention and processing facilities.
Some warehouse owners have decided not to sell to Immigration and Customs Enforcement under pressure from elected officials and advocates. Some cities are issuing statements urging ICE to look elsewhere, and Kansas City has passed a moratorium on non-city-run detention facilities.
ICE has offered few specifics, even to the cities, but said in a statement that the sites wouldn't be warehouses but "well structured detention facilities" and said it should come as no surprise that the agency is working to expand detention space.
Here is a look at what's happening:
ICE paid $70 million last month for a vast warehouse facility on the northwestern outskirts of Phoenix, according to a deed filed with Maricopa County.
The city of Surprise said in astatementreleased Friday that it was not aware that there were efforts underway to purchase the building, was not notified of the transaction by any of the parties involved and has not been contacted by the Department of Homeland Security or any federal agency about the intended use of the building.
The statement said federal projects are not subject to local regulations, such as zoning.
In Orlando, Mayor Buddy Dyer said in a statement last month that the city was advised that it has no legal options to halt a possible ICE facility from opening.
The statement said the city has not been informed by the federal government of potential plans, but aTV reporterspotted a group of private contractors and federal officials touring a 439,945-square-foot industrial warehouse last month. ICE senior advisor David Venturella told a reporter with WFTV at the time that the tour was "exploratory" and that nothing had been decided yet.
City attorney Mayanne Downs said in a letter that "ICE is immune from any local regulation that interferes in any way with its federal mandate."
The town council in Merrillville passed aresolutionlast week in opposition of ICE converting a warehouse into a processing or detention facility.
The city said it was aware of a tour of the newly constructed, 275,000-square-foot warehouse. But it said it had received no notice or communication from ICE, the Department of Homeland Security or any federal agency about any possible plans.
An earlier statement said that the town was reviewing zoning, land use and occupancy requirements.
ICE purchased a warehouse in a county about 60 miles (96 kilometers) northwest of Baltimore for $102.4 million, a deed signed last month shows. The deed was unearthed byProject Salt Box, a Maryland ICE watchdog.
Officials in Washington County said in a Facebookpostthat the Department of Homeland Security sent a letter beforehand that it was considering purchasing the warehouse for use as a "new ICE Baltimore Processing Facility." Cafeterias, bathrooms, health care spaces, tents and guard shacks could be part of the project, according to the letter that was addressed to historic and planning officials in the county.
The county said there wasn't much they could do because the federal government generally does not need to respect local zoning regulations that conflict with federal mandates.
"Washington County is not able to legally restrict the federal government's ability to proceed," the post said.
In the suburbs of Minneapolis, the owners of two warehouses have pulled out of possible ICE deals amid a public outcry.
In Woodbury, Mayor Anne Burt said in a Facebookpostlast month that city staff had confirmed that a warehouse in the city isn't being sold or leased to the federal government. She also confirmed at a council meeting that ICE had been interested in the property.
Owners of another warehouse in Shakopee also decided not to move forward, state Rep. Brad Tabke announced last month in a Facebookpost.
"They heard you, they listened," Tabke said.
Mississippi
Federal officials were spotted last month scouting a building in Marshall County, the county's board vice president, Neil Bennett, toldThe Commercial Appeal.
Bennett said he was not aware of the visit beforehand because it is a privately owned building, but he heard about it "later on." The building islisted as available for sale and lease on the website of JLL Properties, a purveyor of commercial real estate.
Bennett told The Associated Press that he didn't have time to discuss the situation when contacted Tuesday because he was dealing with ongoing power outages in the area. A woman who answered the phone at the county government building said the county isn't commenting at this time.
In Kansas City, the city council passed a five-year moratorium on non-city-run detention facilities on the very day that ICE officials were spotted touring a warehouse.
Manny Abarca, a Jackson County lawmaker, was initially threatened with trespassing when he showed up Jan. 15 at the nearly 1-million-square-foot (92,903 square meters) building on the outskirts of Kansas City.
He said he was eventually allowed inside where Shawn Byers, the deputy field office director for ICE in Chicago, told him that they were scouting for a 7,500-bed site.
Abarca announced last week he was introducing a similar detention moratorium at the county level.
"When federal power is putting communities on edge, local government has a responsibility to act where we have authority," he said in a statement.
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New Hampshire
The town council in Merrimack — population 30,000 — expressed its opposition to an ICE immigration detention and processing center in a January letter to Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem, without receiving a direct response.
Council members fear federal acquisition of a commercial warehouse in Merrimack, 45 miles northwest of Boston, would undermine the city's property tax base by more than $500,000 a year, shifting costs to other property owners.
The Department of Homeland Security told New Hampshire's congressional delegation that ICE is "reviewing its detention structure and acquisition strategy to address a historic operational tempo and increasing arrests" and had no new detention centers to announce. The ACLU of New Hampshire said Tuesday that public records show ICE has consulted with state historic preservation officials about development of a 43-acre site at Merrimack.
Democratic state Rep. Rosemarie Rung of Merrimack said her constituents worry about the strain of an immigration detention center on local emergency services and public infrastructure.
"I really suspect that the silent treatment is deliberate so that they can avoid any protests regarding this facility," Rung said. "It makes us all very suspect."
In Roxbury, council members passed a resolution saying that they aren't in support of an ICE facility after township manager J.J. Murphy spotted ICE officials touring a warehouse there last month. The council also pointed out that the township's zoning regulations prohibit using the warehouse as a detention facility.
ICE's plans for the site are unclear. Murphy said in an interview with The Associated Press Monday that the township has received no information from federal officials about their plans for the site despite repeated emails.
That hasn't stopped the township from sharing an internal memo from the city's engineer about water and sewar issues at the site with the owner of the warehouse. New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker also has toured the site.
Elected officials are pushing back after the Department of Homeland Security posted anoticeannouncing a proposal to purchase a vacant warehouse in Chester, a town more than an hour north of New York City, for "ICE operations." ICE said the proposed improvements would include a small guard building and outdoor recreation area.
The notice was needed because the former distribution center for the aftermarket automotive chain PepBoys is in a 100-year flood plain.
New York state Sen. Michelle Hinchey, a Democrat, said in a statement that she would support the town and village boards as they use "every legal, zoning, and environmental tool available" to block the facility.
In Oklahoma City, Mayor David HoltannouncedThursday that he has been informed that the Department of Homeland Security is no longer in talks to acquire a warehouse after the city councilurged federal officials to take part in the city's permitting process.
The department had told the city in a letter last month that it intended to purchase a nearly 27-acre warehouse in the city for ICE operations.
But as crowds opposed to the facility packed a city council meeting this week, the council said the city was exploring legal options. Holt said the property owners then informed him that they are no longer engaged with Homeland Security about a potential acquisition or lease of this property.
"I commend the owners for their decision and thank them on behalf of the people of Oklahoma City," Holt said. "As Mayor, I ask that every single property owner in Oklahoma City exhibit the same concern for our community in the days ahead."
Pennsylvania
ICE paid $87.4 million for a nearly 520,000-square-foot (48,309-square-meter) warehouse, according to a deed that was recorded Monday in Berks County.
Real estate developerspromotedit as a "state-of-the art logistics center" located 45 minutes from Allentown, an hour and a half from Philadelphia and two hours from New York City.
The county spokesman, Jonathan Heintzman, said in an email that the county was informed Monday by the recorder of deeds of the purchase. Heintzman said the county had no prior knowledge of the sale and had no information on future plans for the property.
In El Paso County, commissioners on Monday formally expressed opposition to the construction of detention facilities amid reports that ICE is eying a warehouse in the county. Commissioners also said they working with other officials to try to get more details.
Other cities in Texas also have been named in unconfirmed reports, but officials haven't heard any information from federal officials.
In Salt Lake City, Mayor Erin Mendenhall expressed gratitude last week in her State of the Cityaddressthat the owners of a warehouse that ICE was eying as a detention facility had announced plans not to sell or lease the property to the federal government.
The announcement from the Ritchie Group, a Utah real estate developer, came after Mendenhall sent a letter saying that the building would need to address a host of requirements before obtaining an occupancy permit.
"But let me be clear: this isn't just about zoning restrictions," Mendenhall said. "Such a facility has no place in our city. Whether at that site or anywhere else."
In the suburbs of Richmond, Virginia, officials in Hanover County are asking their attorney to evaluate legal options after the Department of Homeland Security sent a letter confirming its intent to purchase and operate an ICE processing facility in an area that includes retail, hotels and restaurants.
Sean Davis, the county's board of supervisors chair, said the facility would cut into tax revenue but acknowledged at a packed meeting last week that there was only so much it could do to oppose it.
"The federal government is generally exempt from our zoning regulations," he said.
Dozens of speakers turned out — some in support of the facility and others opposed.
"You want what's happening in Minnesota to go down in our own backyard, build that detention center here and that's exactly what will happen," Kimberly Matthews of Mechanicsville told supervisors.
After the fatal shootings of Alex Pretti and Renee Nicole Good by federal immigration agents (ICE), communities across the U.S. are 
Hundreds of people gather to protest ICE at the corner of Palafox and Garden Streets in downtown Pensacola, Florida, on Jan. 30, 2026." style="max-width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:6px; margin:10px 0;" loading="lazy" /> 
